![]() Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is performed to force the movement of oxygenated blood through the circulatory system and prevent the damage of vital organs in the body. A person's Blood Oxygen Saturation Level (BOS) indicates how efficiently a body's blood cells retain oxygen. Making mouth-to-mouth breathing optional ensures that chest compression begins within the critical survival window.Įxperts are also debating the need to give mouth-to-mouth breathing in cases where the blood oxygen saturation level falls. Since an oximeter may not be available at that moment, there is no way to determine the oxygen level therefore, it is difficult to determine whether mouth-to-mouth breathing is required. Breathing is needed only if the oxygen saturation in the blood stream falls. Normally there is enough oxygen in the blood stream to only do continuous chest compressions. Apart from concerns over infections, there has also been discussion on how often to give mouth to mouth breathing. The primary reason for the change is that most bystanders or paramedics hesitate to use mouth-to-mouth breathing with unknown people because mouth-to-mouth breathing may cause spread of infectious diseases –. Consequently, mouth-to-mouth breathing has now become the third, optional, portion of CPR. In traditional methods, periodic mouth-to-mouth breathing is also done to replenish oxygen supply, but newer guidelines suggest that continued compression is more important. In the acronym, A stands for airways, meaning that the person giving CPR needs to make sure that the airways are open B stands for Breathing, meaning that the person giving CPR does mouth-to-mouth breathing and C stands for Chest Compressions. Original AHA guidelines emphasize A-B-C as a CPR guideline. The depth of chest compression is about 2-2.5 inches for adults, about 1-1.5 inches for children, and about 1/3 inch for infants. The recommended rate of chest compressions is about 100 per minute. This increased the rate of bystander-provided CPR by over 50%. Emergency professionals learn to provide CPR instructions to the callers before the paramedics arrived. In 1981, Washington State started a program to give telephone instructions for CPR. Over the years, community-based CPR training of general public has expanded across the United States. In 1972 the project was expanded to train over 100,000 people. The data gathered from this exercise proved that when CPR was started within 2–3 minutes of the event, survival chances increased. Fire department personnel were trained in CPR so that they could perform it on the victim before paramedics arrived to attempt defibrillation. The first organized attempt to make citizens a part of the emergency procedure in cases of cardiac arrest was made in Seattle in March of 1970. Latest guidelines from the American Heart Association have modified the Elam and Safar CPR approach the AHA recommends using Continuous Chest Compression (CCR) because this approach works better than periodically stopping compressions for mouth-to-mouth breathing, –. Their method used chest compressions in combination with periodic mouth-to-mouth breathing. Peter Safar demonstrated the superiority of their CPR method to earlier methods. James Elam developed the currently used CPR method in 1954. Over the years, practitioners refined the techniques, and until 1950s, the accepted resuscitation method was applying back pressure and arm lifting. These methods were most effective when used for drowning victims. These included “blowing air” into the mouth, massaging the chest, tickling the throat, or applying manual pressure to the abdomen –. Practitioners, then, used various techniques to resuscitate a person who was unconscious or not breathing. References to resuscitation attempts can be found in ancient texts that date back thousands of years, but the first known attempts at resuscitation in modern times occurred in the 18th century. The blood then carries oxygen to body organs. The procedure involves creating artificial blood circulation by applying rhythmic pressure to a person's chest. CPR's main benefit is that it maintains blood flow, which prevents tissue and brain damage. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure performed on people under cardiac arrest and on people who stop breathing due to reasons such as drowning.
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